Wired wireless device



J. OPPENHEIMER IIRBD' WIRELESS DEVICE Jan. 22, 1929.

Filed Sept. 29. 1921 SW/Wum/ua Patented Jan. 22, 1929.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE."

.rosnr OPPENHEIMER, or BERLIN, GERMAN ASSIGNOR T WESTINGHOUSE ELEC- rnrc & MANUFACTURING COMPANY, A CORPORATION or PENNSYLVANIA.

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.lpplicatlonfiled September 29, 1921, Serial No. 504,216, and in Germany, October 2, 1920.

My invention relates to signalling systems, and, in particular, to systems wherein signals are transmitted over metallic conductors, such as power, or telephone lines, by means of carrier currents. I

It has previously been suggested to erect coupling antennae adjacent to the power or other lines for the purpose of transferring signal energy to them across the capacity existing between the coupling antennae and the said power lines. Such antennae must be especially insulated, however, and they often must be extended parallel to the power lines for comparatively long distances. It is, accordingly,an object of my invention to provide means for impressing signal currents upon a metallic conductor without employing coupling antennae such as have been previously proposed.

In practicing my invention I make use of the fact that many of the insulators used to support the conductors comprised in a hightension system are provided with metallic elements for the purpose of equally distributing electrostatic stresses across the dielectric portions thereof. The insulators may be either of the pin type, the chain type, or the wall-tube type. By coupling signal-sending.

or signal-receiving devices to the metallic stress-distributing elements of high-tension insulators of any kind, I am enabled to .impress signalling frequencies upon the conductors supported by the said insulators, or I am enabled to receive signalling-frequencies impressed on the said conductors at distant points.

In addition, it lies within the province of my invention to utilize the capacity between the said metallic elements and the line wire to assist in tuning the circuit to the carrier wave in order to increase the efiiciency of the transmission of signals.

Although I have referred to the line wires as high-tension conductors, my invention is not restricted thereto, but is equally as well applicable to the insulators associated with conductors carrying currents at low-tension, provided the said insulators comprise metalhc stress-distributing elements.

The novel features that I consider characteristic ofm'y invention are set forth with ganization and its method of operation, together with further objects and advantages thereof, will best be understood by reference to the following description of certain specific embodiments, taken with the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure 1 is a diagrammatic view illustratmg a preferred embodiment of my invention.

Fig. 2 is a View, partly diagrammatic and partly in section, illustrating another form.

Fig. 3 is a diagrammatic illustration of another application of the invention.

Fig. 4 is a diagrammatic illustration of a modification of the form shown in F in. 3.

Fig. 5 is a view, partlyin section and partly diagrammatic, showing another application of my invention.

Fig. 6 is a sectional view of a strain insulater to which my invention may be applied.

Fig. 7 is a sectional view of a pin-type insulator showing how myinvention may be applied thereto. 7

Figure 1 of the drawings shows a preferred embodimentof my invention as applied to low-tension power lines. A pole 1 carries a cross arm 2 on which is mounted a supporting insulator 3. A second insulator 4, which car- 30 ri-es a power line 5, is mounted upon the first insulator by means of a clamp 6, or a similar device. The clamp 6 may have a large area, or it may be disposed in contact with a metallic coatin 7 on the exterior of the insualtor 3, $5 in order that a certain capacity may exist between the said clamp and a metallic coating 8 on the interior surface of the said insulator. The capacity existing between the clamp and the interior metallic coating depends, of course, upon the respective areas thereof and upon the thickness of the insulator.

The insulator 4 is also provided with interior and exterior metallic coatings 10 and 11, respectively, to constitute a condenser.

In order to either impress signals upon the line 5, or to receive signals transmitted thereover, a connection 1:2 extends between the clamp 6 and the ground, the connection including a variable condenser 13 and sig- 1 nalling apparatus 14. of any conventional ty If the whole arrangement is considered to be analogous to an antenna, the lower insulator 3 has somewhat the function of a counterpoise. In some instances the upper insulator 4 will be suflicient to provide the necessary coupling to the line 5, in which case the insulator 3 should be ofa type having negligible capacity to ground, to avoid short circuiting the signals. 1

Although only a single connection 12 is illustrated, a plurality of such connections may be made, in parallel, to adjacent insulators for the purpose of obtaining a greater coupling capacity, if desired.

In situations where it is desired to imress si 'nal-fre uencies on conductors carr 4 '4, the insulator 24 is the same type as theing current at high-tension, supporting 1n sulators of the pin-type, as well as suspension insulators, must be considered. A supporting insulator is illustrated in Fig. 2. It comprises a metallic pin 15 on which is mounted an insulator 16 of the multi-skirt type which carries a power line 17. The -upper surface of one of'the skirts is partly covered by ametallic coating 18, and the under surface of the same skirt carries a metallic element 19. The coupling connection 12 is made to the under element 19 in the same manner as is described in connection -with Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 illustrates my invention as applied to a chain of insulators 21. I find it preferable, when utilizing a chain of insulators, to connect the coupling conductor 12 to a point in the chain between the two uppermost insulators, the potential of which is not far above that of ground. In certain instances it is desirable to interpose an additional insulator in the chain, as indicated in dotted lines, in addition to the number which would be ordinarily used in order that at least three insulators shall be disposed between the line and the couplingconnection.

If desired, 'the signalling apparatus may be protected by a lightning arrester 23 connected in shunt thereto. g y In the form of my invention shown in Fig.

separate insulators 21 of the chain shown in Flg. 3. A coupling connection 25, however,

instead of going to the ground, extends to the opposite side of the same insulator. In

- single insulator, it is, of course, possible to this arrangement'a highresistance device 26 is preferably disposed in series with the signalling apparatus.

One of the insulators nearest tothe line 5 may be used with the signalling-shunt, if proper protective measures are taken. If desired, an extra insulator 27, shown in dotted lines, may be added to the chain. If an insulator is so added, it is preferably placed between the insulator having the connection and the hi h-tension line 17 Although the signal apparatus as shown in Fig. 4is being connected across only a connect such apparatus across two or more insulators.

In some instances it maybe desirable to compensate for the signal apparatus which is connected to one of the metallic coatings of an insulator, or to provide a tunable counter- .poise. A compensating arrangement of this type is illustrated in Fig. 5, which figure shows a line 17 supported on an insulator 30 of the pin type, having an exterior metallic coating 31 and an interior metallic coating 32. The interior coating may be connected to ground through a tuning condenser 33 and an inductor 34, while the exterior coating may be utilized to couple the signal apparatus 14 to the line.

Fig. 6 illustrates a chain insulator having an interior metallic coating 35, and an exterio'r metallic element 36. I

Fig. 7 illustrates a pin-typ insulator 37 having a nearly fiat skirt 38. The skirt 38 is provided with an outer metallic facing 40, and an inner-metallic element 41.

In addition to being advantageous in impressing signal frequencies on power lines, my invent on is also ap'phcable tothe transferring of such signalfrequencies around a point where the line is divided, or where a substation 1s interposed there1n. In such cases a wire connection, which may be pro- .vided w th tuning dGYICGS, is merely disposed between the corresponding coatings of insulators on the incoming and outgoing sides of the main line in order to transfer the signal frequencies around apparatus which would either impede or divert them. Thisspecific use of my invention is not illustrated inasmuch as it is believed sufliciently'obvious.

the prior art or by the spirit In combination, a power transmission system including a high-tension insulator for a conductor in said system, said insulator ineluding a metallic element for distributing electrostatic stressestherein, signalling means, and means for coupling said signalling means to said transmission system including said stress-distributing element of the insulator.

. In testimony whereof I aflix my signature.

. J OSEF OPPENHEIMER. 

